Foods and Raw Materials Foods and Raw Materials Foods and Raw Materials 2308-4057 2310-9599 98230 10.21603/2308-4057-2026-1-669 Research Article Research Article Research Article Rhizobia as complex biofertilizers for wheat: Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion Rhizobia as complex biofertilizers for wheat: Biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3529 Serazetdinova Yuliya R. Serazetdinova Yuliya R. serazetdinova2000@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-7589 Borodina Ekaterina E. Borodina Ekaterina E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0258 Fotina Natalya V. Fotina Natalya V. Naik Adarsh Naik Adarsh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-4983 Mudgal Gaurav Mudgal Gaurav https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-8197 Asyakina Lyudmila K. Asyakina Lyudmila K. alk_kem@kemsu.ru Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai Индия Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai India Chandigarh University Mohali Индия Chandigarh University Mohali India Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 30 04 2025 30 04 2025 14 1 214 227 02 12 2024 04 02 2025 https://jfrm.ru/en/issues/23173/23462/

The biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by rhizobia plays a key role in the cycle of ecosystems and their productivity. In agriculture, it is often used to increase the yield of legumes. We aimed to assess the stimulatory properties of three bacterial strains (Ensifer meliloti 441 B-219, Ensifer mexicanus B-4064, and Rhizobium tropici B-216) and their potential for promoting wheat growth under laboratory conditions. The bacterial were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (National Bioresource Center, Kurchatov Institute). To explore their potential for agronomic practices, we determined their stimulating properties and assessed antagonistic activity against such phytopathogens as Fusarium graminearum F-877, Bipolaris sorokiniana F-529, Botrytis cinerea F-1006, Erwinia rhapontici B-9292, and Xanthomonas campestris B-4102. Finally, we studied the effect of the strains on germination and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, and protein in the above-ground parts of wheat plants under laboratory conditions. All the test rhizobia strains demonstrated various stimulating properties. In particular, they produced phytohormones, fixed nitrogen, solubilized phosphates and zinc, and synthesized ACC deaminase. The strains also exhibited pronounced antagonistic activity against F. graminearum, B. sorokiniana, and Xanthomonas campestris. According to the laboratory tests, the wheat seeds treated with E. meliloti 441 B-219 and R. tropici B-216 had longer shoots and roots, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids in some wheat varieties. R. tropici also had a strong positive effect on the weight of shoots and roots in all wheat varieties. E. mexicanus B-4064 exhibited a positive effect only on germination in some varieties. However, none of the strains had a significant effect on the nitrogen content. The test rhizobia strains have significant potential for stimulating plant growth, but they do not contribute to a significant increase in nitrogen availability for wheat.

The biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by rhizobia plays a key role in the cycle of ecosystems and their productivity. In agriculture, it is often used to increase the yield of legumes. We aimed to assess the stimulatory properties of three bacterial strains (Ensifer meliloti 441 B-219, Ensifer mexicanus B-4064, and Rhizobium tropici B-216) and their potential for promoting wheat growth under laboratory conditions. The bacterial were obtained from the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (National Bioresource Center, Kurchatov Institute). To explore their potential for agronomic practices, we determined their stimulating properties and assessed antagonistic activity against such phytopathogens as Fusarium graminearum F-877, Bipolaris sorokiniana F-529, Botrytis cinerea F-1006, Erwinia rhapontici B-9292, and Xanthomonas campestris B-4102. Finally, we studied the effect of the strains on germination and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, and protein in the above-ground parts of wheat plants under laboratory conditions. All the test rhizobia strains demonstrated various stimulating properties. In particular, they produced phytohormones, fixed nitrogen, solubilized phosphates and zinc, and synthesized ACC deaminase. The strains also exhibited pronounced antagonistic activity against F. graminearum, B. sorokiniana, and Xanthomonas campestris. According to the laboratory tests, the wheat seeds treated with E. meliloti 441 B-219 and R. tropici B-216 had longer shoots and roots, as well as higher contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids in some wheat varieties. R. tropici also had a strong positive effect on the weight of shoots and roots in all wheat varieties. E. mexicanus B-4064 exhibited a positive effect only on germination in some varieties. However, none of the strains had a significant effect on the nitrogen content. The test rhizobia strains have significant potential for stimulating plant growth, but they do not contribute to a significant increase in nitrogen availability for wheat.

 Triticum aestivum L. nitrogen fixation biofortification phytohormones siderophores solubilization Triticum aestivum L. nitrogen fixation biofortification phytohormones siderophores solubilization This research was part of the state assignment on “Studying the potential of growth-promoting bacteria to improve the agronomic biofortification of wheat” (FZSR-2024-0009). This research was part of the state assignment on “Studying the potential of growth-promoting bacteria to improve the agronomic biofortification of wheat” (FZSR-2024-0009).

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