Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 92585 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-4-2548 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Effect of Endophytic Microorganisms on Growth Rate of Crops Применение эндофитных микроорганизмов для интенсификации ростовых процессов сельскохозяйственных культур https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-2145 Фасхутдинова Елизавета Рафаиловна Faskhutdinova Elizaveta R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-5370 Богачёва Наталья Николаевна Bogacheva Natalia N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6362-7589 Бородина Екатерина Евгеньевна Borodina Ekaterina E. kborodina1908@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-0850 Позднякова Анна Владимировна Pozdnyakova Anna V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-4377 Лузянин Сергей Леонидович Luzyanin Sergey L. Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation 24 12 2024 24 12 2024 54 4 820 836 15 04 2024 04 06 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23109/23155/

Повышение продуктивности основных сельскохозяйственных культур (пшеницы, ячменя и овса) является актуальной проблемой. Урожайность данных культур во многом зависит от плодородия почвы. Недостаток биогенных веществ в почвах восполняют минеральными удобрениями, которые при неправильном применении неэкологичны и малоэффективны. Обеспечить растения необходимыми питательными элементами способны микроорганизмы. Цель данной работы – выделение эндофитных микроорганизмов, обладающих ростостимулирующими свойствами, а также оценка их влияния на рост пшеницы, ячменя и овса. Объектами исследования являлись яровая мягкая пшеница сорта «Сибирский Альянс», яровой овес сорта «Маручак», яровой ячмень сорта «Никита» и стандартные штаммы бактерий (Azospirillum brasilense В-11094 и Azotobacter chrococcum В-8739). Выделенные бактерии идентифицировали с помощью автоматического микробиологического анализатора Vitex 2 Compact. Способность изолятов микроорганизмов продуцировать индолил-3-уксусную и гиббереллиновую кислоты оценивали спектрофотометрическими методами. Способность к фиксации азота штаммами определяли с помощью Rapid N Cube. Способность изолятов солюбилизировать фосфаты тестировали на среде, содержащей кальций фосфорнокислый. Влияние наиболее перспективных штаммов на сельскохозяйственные культуры оценивали в лабораторных условиях. Выделено и идентифицировано 7 изолятов эндофитных микроорганизмов, таких как Pantoea allii Tri, Bacillus subtilis Tri 2, Bacillus subtilis Ave 1, Pantoea allii Ave 2, Bacillus subtilis Hor 1, Bacillus subtilis Hor 2, Bacillus subtilis Hor 3. Изучены ростостимулирующие свойства штаммов и отобраны наиболее перспективные. Штамм Bacillus subtilis Ave 1 продуцировал 7100 мкг/мл индолил-3-уксусной и 343 мкг/мл гиббереллиновой кислот, фиксировал 790 мкг/мл азота, солюбилизировал фосфаты (индекс 1,60). Bacillus subtilis Hor 1 демонстрировал способность к синтезу 4490 мкг/мл индолил-3-уксусной и 409 мкг/мл гиббереллиновой кислот, фиксировал азот в количестве 760 мкг/мл, а также солюбилизировал фосфаты (индекс 1,44). Лабораторная апробация штаммов показала, что наибольшей ростостимулирующей активностью обладает штамм Bacillus subtilis Ave 1. Выделенный в ходе работы штамм обладает способностью к синтезу фитогормонов, фиксирует атмосферный азот и солюбилизирует фосфаты. Лабораторная апробация показала, что штамм увеличивает длину побега и корня пшеницы и ячменя, а также повышает всхожесть, энергию прорастания и длину побега у овса. Это обуславливает высокие перспективы применения выделенного штамма в сельском хозяйстве.

Increasing the yield of wheat, barley, and oats is a pressing issue. It largely depends on soil fertility. Mineral fertilizers, however, may be ineffective and unsustainable. As a result, microorganisms seem to be a promising alternative. The authors isolated endophytic microorganisms with growth-stimulating properties and assessed their effect on the growth rate of wheat, barley, and oats in laboratory conditions. The research involved spring soft wheat of the Sibirsky Alyans variety, spring oats of the Maruchak variety, spring barley of the Nikita variety, and standard bacterial strains (Azospirillum brasilense B-11094, Azotobacter chrococcum B-8739). The isolated bacteria were identified using a Vitex 2 Compact automatic microbiological analyzer. The production potential for indole-3-acetic and gibberellic acids was assessed spectrophotometrically. The nitrogen fixation potential was determined using a Rapid N Cube. The phosphate-solubilizing potential was tested on a calcium phosphate medium. The effect of the most promising strains on the growth rate was assessed in laboratory conditions. Seven isolates of endophytic microorganisms were identified as Pantoea allii Tri, Bacillus subtilis Tri 2, Bacillus subtilis Ave 1, Pantoea allii Ave 2, Bacillus subtilis Hor 1, Bacillus subtilis Hor 2, and Bacillus subtilis Hor 3. The most promising growth promoters ranged as follows. Bacillus subtilis Ave 1 fixed 790 μg/mL nitrogen, solubilized phosphates with index 1.60, and produced 7100 μg/mL indolyl-3-acetic acid and 343 μg/mL gibberellic acid. Bacillus subtilis Hor 1 fixed 760 μg/mL nitrogen, solubilized phosphates with index 1.44, and synthesized 4490 μg/mL indolyl-3-acetic acid and 409 μg/mL gibberellic acid. Bacillus subtilis Ave 1 demonstrated the greatest growth-stimulating activity. Bacillus subtilis Ave 1 could synthesize phytohormones, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and solubilize phosphates, which indicated good agricultural prospects. The strain increased the length of shoots and roots in wheat and barley, as well as boosted germination and shoot length in oats.

 Овес пшеница ячмень эндофитные микроорганизмы Bacillus Pantoea Azotobacter Azospirillum Oats wheat barley endophytic microorganisms Bacillus Pantoea Azotobacter Azospirillum Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Исследование потенциала ростостимулирующих бактерий для повышения агрономической биофортификации пшеницы» (шифр FZSR-2024-0009). The research was part of State Assignment FZSR-2024-0009: Potential growth-stimulating bacteria in agronomic biofortification of wheat.

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