Zhilina, Russian Federation
Zhilina, Russian Federation
Zhilina, Russian Federation
Zhilina, Russian Federation
Biological fertilizers improve fruit quality; for instance, organomineral, or activated mixes are known to increase consumer qualities of apples. This article describes the effect of a new activated complex (non-root treatment) on the yield, chemical composition, and physiological disorders, e.g., scald and brown spot, of commercial apples after long-term storage. The research featured the natural activated complex of the Beliy Zhemchug (White Pearl) brand. The apple trees were divided into two groups: 1 – untreated control trees; 2 – trees that underwent a non-root treatment with the activated complex (1% solution of its Antifreeze variant + 1% solution of the Drip Ca + Mg variant). The trees belonged to the Sinap Orlovskiy cultivar, which is highly susceptible to brown spot and scald, both in the orchard and during long-term storage. The apples were studied for chemical composition and consumer qualities after long-term storage in a CV114-S refrigerator at +2°C and a relative humidity of 85–90%. The non-root treatment of apple trees with the Beliy Zhemchug activated complex had no significant effect on the content of soluble solids, total sugars, titrated acids, and ascorbic acid in ripe apples. Weather conditions affected the chemical composition 30 days before harvesting. The non-root treatment increased the yield of commercial apples by 1.62 times after long-time storage. The scald, brown spot, and moniliosis damage decreased by 1.9, 2.6, and 1.9 times, respectively. The activated fertilizers of the Beliy Zhemchug brand proved highly efficient as additional techniques in common apple cultivation and could be recommended to improve the quality and yield of commercial fruits after long-term storage.
Horticulture, apple trees, chemical composition, storage, phys iological disorders, scald, bitter pitting
1. Ageyeva NM, Khrapov AA, Shirshova AA, Chemisova LE, Ulyanovskaya EV, Chernutskaya EA. The elemental profile of ciders made from different varieties of apples. Foods and Raw Materials. 2024;12(2):273–282. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2024-2-604
2. FaoStat [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 10]. Available from: https://fao.org/faostat
3. Sosnin MD, Shorstkii IA. Cold atmospheric gas plasma processing of apple slices. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2023;53(2):368–383. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2442
4. Gudkovskii VA, Kozhina LV, Balakirev AE, Nazarov YuB, Kuzin AI. Promising technology to control bitter pit and other postharvest pathologic diseases. Acta Horticulturae. 2021;1325:151–158. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1325.23
5. Rouphael Y, Colla G. Editorial: Biostimulants in agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020;11:40. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00040
6. Sangiorgio D, Cellini A, Donati I, Pastore C, Onofrietti C, Spinelli F. Facing climate change: Application of microbial biostimulants to mitigate stress in horticultural crops. Agronomy. 2020;10(6):794. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060794
7. Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. Biostimulant properties of seaweed extracts in plants: Implications towards sustainable crop production. Plants. 2021;10(3):531. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030531
8. Zulfiqar F, Casadesús A, Brockman H, Munné-Bosch S. An overview of plant-based natural biostimulants for sustainable horticulture with a particular focus on moringa leaf extracts. Plant Science. 2020;295:110194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110194
9. Franzoni G, Bulgari R, Ferrante A. Maceration time affects the efficacy of borage extracts as potential biostimulant on rocket salad. Agronomy. 2021;11(11):2182. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112182
10. Franzoni G, Cocetta G, Prinsi B, Ferrante A, Espen L. Biostimulants on crops: Their impact under abiotic stress conditions. Horticulturae. 2022;8(3):189. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030189
11. Lau S-E, Teo WFA, Teoh EY, Tan BC. Microbiome engineering and plant biostimulants for sustainable crop improvement and mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Discover Food. 2022;2:9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-022-00009-5
12. Frioni T, Sabbatini P, Tombesi S, Norrie J, Poni S, Gatti M, et al. Effects of a biostimulant derived from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum on ripening dynamics and fruit quality of grapevines. Scientia Horticulturae. 2018;232:97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.12.054
13. Doroshenko TN, Petrik GF, Chumakov SS, Krivorotov SB, Maksimenko AP. Specific aspects of creating a sustainably functioning ecosystem of an organic apple garden in the South of Russia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2018;10(7):1652–1655.
14. Mushinsky AA, Aminova EV, Avdeeva ZA, Borisova AA, Tumaeva TA. The effect of organic fertilizer on the productivity and quality of strawberries. Pomiculture and Small Fruits Culture in Russia. 2019;59:335–342. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2019-59-335-342; https://elibrary.ru/WNSKQZ
15. Doroshenko T, Ryazanova L, Petrik G, Gorbunov I, Chumakov S. Features of the economical yield formation of apple plants under non-root nutrition in the Southern Russia organic plantings. BIO Web of Conferences. 2021;34:05004. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213405004
16. Ozherel'eva ZE, Prudnikov PS. Impact of the B-Plus white pearl (Belyi Zhemchug) preparation on the spring frost tolerance, yield and quality of apple crops. Horticulture and Viticulture. 2022;(6):24–32. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2022-6-24-32; https://elibrary.ru/CHUORY
17. Fotiric Akšic M, Dabić Zagorac D, Gašić U, Tosti T, Natić M, Meland M. Analysis of apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh.) quality attributes obtained from organic and integrated production systems. Sustainability. 2022;14(9):5300. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095300
18. Doroshenko TN, Petrik GF, Ryazanova LG, Chumakov SS, Matuzok NV. Optimization of the formation of the mandarin orange economic yield in the humid sub-tropics. Annals of Agri Bio Research. 2020;25(2):302–307.
19. Ozherelieva Z, Prudnikov P, Nikitin A, Androsova A, Bolgova A, Stupina A, et al. Adaptogenic preparations enhance the tolerance to spring frosts, yield and quality of apple fruits. Horticulturae. 2023;9(5):591. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9050591
20. Sedov EN, Sedysheva GA, Krasova NG, Serova ZM, Gorbacheva NG, Galasheva AM, et al. Triploid apple cultivar Sinap orlovsky, its origin, economical and cytoembryological characteristic. Russian Agricultural Sciences. 2017;(1):14–18. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/XTDNOR
21. Program and methodology for studies on fruits, berries, and nuts. Orel: VNIISPK; 1999. 608 p. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/YHAOZT
22. Nikitin AL, Makarkina MA. Long-term refrigerated storage guidelines for central Russia: highly scab-resistant apple varieties bred by Russian Research Institute for Fruit Breeding. Orel: VNIISPK; 2018. 48 p. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/ZATBDF
23. Dementʹeva MI, Vygonskiy MI. Fruit, vegetable, and potato diseases during storage. Moscow: Agropromizdat; 1988. 231 p. (In Russ.).
24. Nikitin AL, Makarkina MA. Effect of meteorological conditions on storability of the scab-immune columnar apple varieties. Food Processing: Techniques and Technology. 2019;49(4):545–554. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-4-545-554; https://www.elibrary.ru/GWATGF
25. Sedov EN, Makarkina MA, Levgerova NS. Biochemical and technological fruit description of apple gene pool. Orel: VNIISPK; 2007. 312 p. (In Russ.). https://www.elibrary.ru/YGNVIR
26. Soppelsa S, Kelderer M, Casera C, Bassi M, Robatscher P, Andreotti C. Use of biostimulants for organic apple production: Effects on tree growth, yield, and fruit quality at harvest and during storage. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;(9):1342. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01342
27. Gago CML, Guerreiro AC, Miguel G, Panagopoulos T, da Silva MM, Antunes MDC. Effect of calcium chloride and 1-MCP (SmartfreshTM) postharvest treatment on “Golden Delicious” apple cold storage physiological disorders. Scientia Horticulturae. 2016;211:440–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.017
28. Mattheis JP, Rudell DR, Hanrahan I. Impacts of 1-methylcyclopropene and controlled atmosphere established during conditioning on development of bitter pit in “Honeycrisp” apples. Hortscience. 2017;52(1):132–137. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11368-16
29. Soppelsa S, Kelderer M, Testolin R, Zanotelli D, Andreotti C. Effect of biostimulants on apple quality at harvest and after storage. Agronomy. 2020;10(8):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081214
