Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry

Svetlana Ryabtseva; Maria Shpack; Elena Polandova

doi:10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97

UDC 63

BIOTICS: TERMINOLOGY, BIBLIOGRAPHIC MAPPING, AND APPLICATION IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry

АА Аа

Published in Dairy industry · Pages 38–51 · Rubric: Review article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97 · EDN: GOJARQ

Received: 23.03.2026 Accepted: 09.06.2026 Published: 17.08.2026 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Svetlana Ryabtseva

ORCID

Maria Shpack

ORCID

Elena Polandova

Svetlana Ryabtseva

North-Caucasus Federal University Russian Federation · Stavropol

ORCID

Maria Shpack

North-Caucasus Federal University Russian Federation · Stavropol

ORCID

Elena Polandova

EKOKOM LLC Russian Federation · Podolsk

ABSTRACT

Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are popular in the dairy industry, but their theory and application are rapidly evolving. This study systematizes the most advanced knowledge about various biotics, their production methods, related terminology, and application in the dairy industry using, e.g., bibliographic mapping. The authors used VOSviewer 1.6.20 to study the most recent regulatory documents and scientific publications registered in Scopus, PubMed, and eLibrary. The expansion of the biotic family and their increasing sophistication proved to be the leading trends in the development of nutritional science. Probiotics, prebiotics, and their combinations (synbiotics) remain the best-known and most long-standing functional food ingredients in the dairy industry. However, their definitions and application standards demonstrate a certain inconsistency across various Russian regulatory documents. This situation requires standardization as new terms keep emerging to encompass various aspects of prebiotic production and use. Meanwhile, postbiotics with their stability during industrial production and storage, represent a rapidly developing area. While imparting additional health benefits to products, biotics improve the processing, sensory properties, and shelf life of dairy products. Unlimitedly, biotic studies expand the range of novel functional foods while attracting consumers’ attention to traditional fermented dairy products.

KEYWORDS

probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, postbiotic, metabiotic, dairy

Funding

The study was funded by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 25-26-20093, https://rscf.ru/project/25-26-20093/ (regional, co‑financing of the Stavropol Territory).

Text

Text (PDF)

Read Download

1. Rytter, H. Probiotic: Is diet part of the efficacy equation? / H. Rytter, E. Combet, B. Chassaing // Gut Microbes. 2023. Vol. 15(1). Art. no. 2222438. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2222438

2. Mudaliar, S. B. Probiotics and paraprobiotics: Effects on microbiota-gut-brain axis and their consequent potential in neuropsychiatric therapy / S. B Mudaliar [et al.] // Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins. 2024. Vol. 16(4). P. 1440–1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6

3. Roux, A.-E. Overview on biotics development / A.-E. Roux, P. Langella, R. Martin // Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2024. Vol. 86. Art. no. 103073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103073

4. Jang, H. J. A Narrative review on the advance of probiotics to metabiotics / H. J. Jang, N. K Lee, H. D Paik // Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2024. Vol. 34(3). P. 487–494. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2311.11023

5. Lee, A. H. Limosilactobacillus reuteri - A probiotic gut commensal with contextual impact on immunity / A. H. Lee, D. M. Rodriguez Jimenez, M. Meisel // Gut Microbes. 2025. Vol. 17(1). Art. no. 2451088. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2451088

6. Waksman, S. A. What is an antibiotic or an antibiotic substance? / S. A. Waksman // Mycologia. 1947. Vol. 39(5). P. 565–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1947.12017635

7. Olsuf'eva, E. N. Obzor riskov kontaminacii antibiotikami molochnoy produkcii / E. N. Olsuf'eva, V. S. Yankovskaya, N. I. Dunchenko // Antibiotiki i Himioterapiya. 2022. T. 67, № 7–8. S. 82–96. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-7-8-82-96

8. Palade, C.-M. The biotics family: Current knowledge and future perspectives in metabolic diseases / C.-M. Palade [et al.] // Life. 2022. Vol. 12(8). Art. no. 1263. https:// doi.org/10.3390/life12081263

9. Babudieri, B. Azione probiotica e antibiotica di alcuni cocchi sul bacillo di Loeffler [Probiotic and antibiotic action of some cocci on Loeffler’s bacillus] / B. Babudieri // Rendiconti dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanit. 1947. Vol. 10(4). P. 687–701.

10. Fuller, R. Probiotics in man and animals / R. Fuller // Journal of Bacteriology. 1989. Vol. 66(5). P. 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x

11. Gibson, Y. Dietary modulation of the human colonie microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics / Y. Gibson, M.B. Roberfroid // The Journal of Nutrition. 1995. Vol. 125(6). P. 1401–1412. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.6.1401

12. Swanson, K. S. Use of biotics in animals: Impact on nutrition, health, and food production / K. S. Swanson [et al.] // Journal of Animal Science. 2025. Vol. 103. Art. no. skaf061. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf061

13. Hill, C. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic / C. Hill [et al.] // Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2014. Vol. 11(8). P. 506–514. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66

14. Gibson, G. R. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics / G. R. Gibson [et al.] // Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017. Vol. 14. P. 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75

15. Swanson, K. S. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics / K. S. Swanson [et al.] // Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020. Vol. 17. P. 687–701. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2

16. Salminen, S. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics / S. Salminen [et al.] // Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021. Vol. 18. P. 649–667. https://doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00440-6

17. Markova, Yu. M. Probiotiki kak funkcional'nye pischevye produkty: proizvodstvo i podhody k ocenke effektivnosti / Yu. M. Markova, S. A. Sheveleva // Voprosy pitaniya. 2014. T. 83, № 4. S. 4–14. https://elibrary.ru/ssyvpd

18. Autenrieth, I. B. Paradigms for microbiome analysis in infectious and non-communicable diseases / I. B. Autenrieth [et al.] // Trends in Microbiology. 2025. Vol. 34(5). P. 472–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2025.11.016.

19. Ryabceva, S. A. Prebioticheskie svoystva i primenenie galaktooligosaharidov / S. A. Ryabceva [i dr.] // Voprosy pitaniya. 2025. T. 94, № 5. S. 6–23. https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-5-6-23; https://elibrary.ru/dajfzo

20. Trushina, E. N. Mul'tishtammovyy probiotik v komplekse s pischevymi voloknami - effektivnyy faktor nutritivnoy podderzhki immuniteta u sportsmenov / E. N. Trushina [i dr.] // Voprosy pitaniya. 2024. T. 93, № 2. S. 19–30. https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-19-30; https://elibrary.ru/gxjllr

21. Amobonye, A. Postbiotics: An insightful review of the latest category in functional biotics. / A. Amobonye [et al.] // World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2025. Vol. 41(8). Art. no. 293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04483-8

22. Bulut S. D. Recent insights about probiotics related pharmabiotics in pharmacology: Prevention and management of diseases. / S. D. Bulut [et al.] // Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Vol. 17(4). P. 2262–2292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-025-10613-3

23. Wang, L. Probiotics and their antimicrobial metabolites: a collegial strategy for food bio-preservation - A review / L. Wang [et al.] // Food Science & Nutrition. 2025. Vol. 13(12). https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71318

24. Ağagündüz, D. Certain fermented dairy foods as a source of multibiotics and multimetabolites: A comprehensive review / D. Ağagündüz [et al.] // Frontiers in Nutrition. 2025. Vol. 12. Art. no. 1678150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1678150

25. Silva, P. B. V. D. Nanoencapsulation of biotics: feasibility to enhance stability and delivery for improved gut health / P. B. V. D. Silva, T. K. O. Rosales, J. P. Fabi // Pharmaceutics. 2025. Vol. 17(9). Art. no. 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17091180

26. Razzak, M. A. The prebiotic and techno-functional potential of microbial exopolysaccharides for human health and food systems / M. A. Razzak [et al.] // Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2026. Vol. 25(2). Art. no. e70406. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.70406

27. Ryabceva, S. A. Fiziologicheskie effekty, mehanizmy deystviya i primenenie laktulozy / S. A. Ryabceva [i dr.] // Voprosy pitaniya. 2020. T. 89, № 2. S. 6–21. https://doi:https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10012; https://elibrary.ru/tnxhmw

28. Stelmach, V. Postbiotics: Mapping the trend / V. Stelmach [et al.] // Nutrients. 2024. Vol. 16(18). Art. no. 3077. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183077

29. Leonova, V. A. Metody polucheniya postbiotikov / V. A. Leonova, I. V. Rozhkova // Molochnaya promyshlennost'. 2022. № 4. S. 24–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183077; https://elibrary.ru/assrkp

30. Leonova, V. A. Bifidogennye svoystva kislomolochnogo produkta s dobavleniem metabolitnogo kompleksa Lactobacillus helveticus / V. A. Leonova // Voprosy pitaniya. 2024. T. 93, № 3(553). S. 84. https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3s-028; https://elibrary.ru/pqrwvf

31. Aydın, F. In vitro probiotic characterization of yeasts with their postbiotics’ antioxidant activity and biofilm inhibition capacity / F. Aydın [et al.] // Current Microbiology. 2024. Vol. 81(11). Art. num. 364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-024-03881-9

32. Ryabtseva, S. A. The probiotic properties of Saccharomycetes (Review) / S. A. Ryabtseva [et al.] // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 2023. Vol. 59. P. 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683823010088

PDF Text JATS XML

Editor-in-Chief

Alexander Prosekov

224

downloads

GOST

Ryabtseva S. A., Shpack M. A., Polandova E. V. Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry // Dairy industry. 2026. no. 4. pp. 38-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97. EDN: GOJARQ. (Date of access 18.09.2026).

MLA

Svetlana Ryabtseva, Shpack M. A., Polandova E. V.. "Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry." Dairy industry.4 (2026): 38-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97. EDN: GOJARQ.

APA

Ryabtseva S. A., Shpack M. A., Polandova E. V. (2026). Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry. Dairy industry(4), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97 EDN: GOJARQ.

Chicago

Svetlana Ryabtseva, Shpack M. A., Polandova E. V.. "Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry." Dairy industry, no. 4 (2026): 38-51. https://doi.org/10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97. EDN: GOJARQ.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Ryabtseva S. A., Shpack M. A., Polandova E. V. | title = Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry | journal = Dairy industry | year = 2026 | issue = 4 | pages = 38-51 | doi = 10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-97 }} EDN: GOJARQ

Copy

Export: BibTeX EndNote RefMan RusMARC

BIOTICS: TERMINOLOGY, BIBLIOGRAPHIC MAPPING, AND APPLICATION IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY Biotics: Terminology, Bibliographic Mapping, and Application in the Dairy Industry

Confirmation